Geotextiles play a crucial role in geotechnical engineering due to their unique properties. These permeable fabrics improve soil performance by separating, reinforcing, draining, or filtering various geological formations. Applications encompass erosion control, ground stabilization, drainage systems, and reinforcement of embankments and foundation

As globalization intensify, innovative alternatives for waste disposal are becoming increasingly important. Among these emerging solutions, geobags stand out as a environmentally responsible option for handling waste materials. These durable bags, typically constructed from upcycled materials like polypropylene, offer a cost-effective and efficient